Improved Syria-Iraq ties a strategic imperative

The relationship between Syria and Iraq plays a significant role in influencing the political and economic landscape of the Middle East. As two neighboring countries with deeply intertwined histories, their cooperation has the potential to bring economic prosperity and enhance regional security, while tackling pressing challenges such as drug smuggling and terrorism.

With the Syrian Arab Republic under new leadership, there is a renewed opportunity to redefine and strengthen bilateral relations. Iraq, with its growing regional influence and economic potential, can play a crucial role in Syria’s postwar reconstruction. Strengthening these ties would not only be beneficial for Syria and Iraq, but also for the broader stability of the region.

One of the most urgent challenges facing Syria is the reconstruction of its war-torn economy. Years of civil war have devastated Syria’s infrastructure, depleted its resources and severely weakened its economic output. The new government, seeking to rebuild the nation, must look to regional partnerships — and Iraq stands out as a natural ally in this endeavor.

Before the Syrian conflict began in 2011, Iraq was one of Syria’s most important trading partners. Trade between the two nations was vibrant, particularly in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, textiles and energy. In 2010, Iraq was the largest importer of Syrian goods, providing a vital economic lifeline to its neighbor. However, the war disrupted these economic ties, leaving Syria’s industries struggling to recover.

Before the Syrian conflict began in 2011, Iraq was one of Syria’s most important trading partners

Dr. Majid Rafizadeh

Today, with the new government in Damascus eager to revive the country’s economy, restoring trade with Iraq ought to be a priority. By reopening trade routes, removing bureaucratic obstacles and fostering investment opportunities, both nations stand to gain. Iraqi businesses can benefit from access to Syrian markets, while Syrian industries can regain their footing by exporting goods to Iraq.

However, some analysts argue that political hesitancy in Baghdad has slowed this process, as Iraq’s government has been more cautious than other regional states, citing concerns over security, international sanctions and political stability in Syria. Overcoming these hurdles requires diplomatic engagement, economic incentives and a clear framework for cooperation.

Furthermore, Iraq can play a vital role in Syria’s reconstruction efforts by investing in infrastructure projects, energy development and industrial revitalization. Syrian cities that were destroyed by war need rebuilding and Iraq, with its economic resources, can contribute to these efforts. Joint ventures in construction, transportation and energy production can create jobs, boost economic activity and pave the way for long-term prosperity in both nations. For this economic collaboration to succeed, both governments must work together to establish clear policies that facilitate trade, encourage investment and address logistical challenges such as border controls and customs regulations.

Secondly, security remains a major concern for both Syria and Iraq. The long, porous border between the two countries has historically served as a conduit for armed groups, facilitating the movement of terrorists, weapons and illicit goods. Strengthening security cooperation is essential for both nations to protect their sovereignty and ensure regional stability.

With the fall of the Assad regime, the security landscape in Syria is shifting. The new government must maintain stability and prevent extremist groups from exploiting the country’s fragile state. Iraq, which has battled terrorist threats for decades, understands the importance of strong security measures and can play a key role in helping Syria establish order.

One of the most pressing security threats is the resurgence of terrorist organizations, including Daesh. While Daesh no longer controls large swaths of territory, it remains active in both Syria and Iraq, launching attacks and maintaining sleeper cells.

A stable and secure Syria is in Iraq’s best interest, as instability over the border directly affects its security

Dr. Majid Rafizadeh

The Iraqi military, in cooperation with US-led coalition forces, has been engaged in ongoing counterterrorism operations to eliminate high-profile Daesh figures. A recent example of such cooperation was this month’s elimination of Abdallah Maki Mosleh Al-Rifai, the head of Daesh in Iraq and Syria. This joint operation, conducted by Iraqi intelligence and coalition forces, underscored the importance of coordinated security efforts. By sharing intelligence, conducting joint operations and strengthening border controls, Syria and Iraq can more effectively combat the persistent threat of terrorism.

Moreover, securing the Syria-Iraq border is crucial for preventing the infiltration of armed groups and ensuring that neither country becomes a staging ground for terrorist activities. Enhanced border patrols, intelligence sharing and coordinated military operations can significantly improve security for both nations. By reforming security institutions and fostering cooperation with Iraq’s security forces, Syria can take meaningful steps toward ensuring long-term stability.

A stable and secure Syria is in Iraq’s best interest, as instability over the border directly affects its security. Strengthening military and intelligence collaboration will not only help neutralize terrorist threats but also lay the groundwork for broader regional security cooperation.

Beyond economic and security concerns, Syria and Iraq share deep cultural, historical and social ties. Strengthening these connections can foster mutual understanding, encourage people-to-people exchanges and contribute to a more cohesive regional identity. Cultural initiatives such as joint archaeological projects, academic collaborations and artistic exchanges can reinforce the shared heritage of both nations. Restoring historical sites, many of which have been damaged by war, can serve as a symbol of resilience and cooperation.

Additionally, fostering educational partnerships between Syrian and Iraqi universities can help build a new generation of leaders committed to regional unity and development. Diplomatic engagement is also crucial. By strengthening political ties, Syria and Iraq can coordinate their positions on regional issues and advocate for mutual interests.

In conclusion, strengthening the ties between Syria and Iraq is not just a bilateral necessity — it is a strategic imperative. By enhancing economic cooperation, bolstering security efforts and fostering cultural and diplomatic engagement, these two nations can pave the way for long-term stability and prosperity. A strong partnership between Syria and Iraq will benefit their citizens.

• Dr. Majid Rafizadeh is a Harvard-educated Iranian American political scientist. X: @Dr_Rafizadeh