Ocean currents are the lifeblood of marine ecosystems

Ocean currents are the lifeblood of marine ecosystems

Ocean currents are the lifeblood of marine ecosystems
In the Red Sea, efforts are ongoing to rehabilitate key habitats, which are vital to the health of ocean currents. (NCW photo)
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Water is the essence of life, and its movement across the oceans, driven by powerful currents, connects marine ecosystems. Ocean currents, both on the surface and in deep waters, influence countless species and regulate the planet’s climate.

For Saudi Arabia, with its unique marine ecosystems along the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf, understanding and protecting ocean currents is a critical mission led by the National Center for Wildlife, or NCW.

Ocean currents, often called the “conveyor belts” of the sea, transport heat, nutrients and oxygen, while connecting marine populations. Surface currents are mainly driven by wind, while deep ocean currents are shaped by differences in water density due to temperature and salinity variations.

These currents play a crucial role in shaping marine ecosystems, supporting biodiversity and maintaining the delicate balance of life beneath the waves.

For example, juvenile sea turtles in the Arabian Gulf and Red Sea rely on ocean currents during their early-life stages. Hatchlings drift with these currents for the first few months, gaining protection and determining the foraging areas that they will return to as adults.

Similarly, coral reefs — among the most biodiverse habitats — depend on ocean currents to distribute larvae, supporting the survival of future generations and the overall health of the marine ecosystem.

However, changing ocean currents, a consequence of global climate change, pose significant challenges to marine life.

Shifts in current patterns can disrupt migration routes for species such as whales and eels, hinder the flow of essential nutrients and alter the range of coral reefs. For example, warming waters from shifting currents in Western Australia have been linked to widespread coral bleaching and seagrass loss.

As the steward of its natural heritage, Saudi Arabia has a responsibility to protect its marine ecosystems and the global systems they support.

Mohammed Qurban

These impacts ripple through the marine food chain, affecting everything from plankton to apex predators such as sharks.

The National Center for Wildlife recognizes the crucial role of ocean currents in sustaining marine life and maintaining ecological balance. In the Red Sea, one of the world’s most biologically significant marine regions, the NCW studies and protects the connectivity of marine populations influenced by these currents.

In collaboration with regional partners, the NCW is leading efforts to rehabilitate key habitats, such as turtle nesting sites and coral reefs, which are vital to the health of ocean currents.

Additionally, the NCW is leading efforts to address the impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity. By closely monitoring changes in ocean circulation patterns, the NCW is developing strategies to mitigate disruptions to species migration, larval dispersal and habitat health.

These initiatives enhance the resilience of Saudi Arabia’s marine ecosystems and align with global biodiversity conservation goals, including the 30x30 pledge to protect 30 percent of the planet’s land and oceans by 2030.

Ocean currents offer important lessons, reflecting the interconnectedness of our actions and their consequences. By understanding and protecting these currents, we help to ensure the survival of species, the stability of ecosystems and the resilience of our planet in a changing climate.

As the steward of its natural heritage, Saudi Arabia has a responsibility to protect its marine ecosystems and the global systems they support. The NCW is committed to advancing research, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering international collaboration to preserve the lifeblood of our oceans for future generations.

Tomorrow’s wild depends on our will today.

Mohammed Qurban is the CEO of the National Center for Wildlife.
 

Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not necessarily reflect Arab News' point of view

Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched

Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched
Updated 37 sec ago
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Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched

Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched
  • Project aims to offer valuable resource for academics, policymakers
  • Launch ceremony attended by distinguished experts from across region

RIYADH: A new unified database of official government policies on the Arabic language from 22 countries was launched on Monday.

Saudi Arabia’s King Salman International Academy for the Arabic Language, in partnership with the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, launched the Language Policy System Project in Arab States at ALECSO’s headquarters in Tunis.

The system has gathered language policy data from 22 Arab states, aiming to provide a resource that enables decision-makers, researchers, scholars and experts to undertake strategic linguistic work.

The project was developed in coordination with the Saudi National Commission for Education, Culture and Science.

The launch ceremony attracted a broad range of linguistic experts, institutions and specialists in language planning.

It was also attended by representatives of Arab states in the organization and secretaries of national committees, with more than 50 attendees in total.

The collaboration between KSGAAL and ALECSO plays a key role in advancing initiatives to promote the Arabic language, safeguard its purity and underscore its profound cultural significance, according to Mahmoud Al-Mahmoud, head of the Planning and Language Policy Sector at KSGAAL.

A standout feature of the project is its compilation of more than 1,800 language policies from 22 Arab countries.

Furthermore, the project links these policies to various fields of language planning, greatly enhancing the overall value of the initiative, Al-Mahmoud added.

KSGAAL will provide access to the extensive dataset for researchers, enabling them to leverage the information in a wide range of studies focused on language planning across Arab countries, Al-Mahmoud told Arab News.

The project stems from the academy’s belief in the value of language planning, aiming to achieve its objectives through conducting and publishing studies and research, as well as issuing periodic reports on the state of the Arabic language and its indicators, Al-Mahmoud said.

“The project is distinguished by its strategic significance in influencing language decisions, internationally and regionally, as well as its leadership in terms of both scope and quality,” he added.


Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe

Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe
Updated 6 min 49 sec ago
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Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe

Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe
  • Al Jalees Book Club was founded in 2014 and has a presence in Riyadh and Jeddah
  • American poets, novelists and academics from the University of Iowa attended talk

RIYADH: Bookworms and aspiring writers alike were given space to explore their creative talent and learn from seasoned authors at Al Jalees Book Club’s “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh this week.

The club was founded in 2014 by Rana Hajjar, a Jeddah native who wanted to create a productive and welcoming community for local readers and writers.

“Al Jalees is my passion project, I started it because I wanted a space to fit in, a community that understands my interest,” she said.

Hajjar said that although the literary community has very much always been alive in Saudi Arabia, it was very difficult to find each other. So the main goal of the club was for her and others to feel less alone.

Elizabeth Willis, professor of poetry at the University of Iowa at Al Jalees Book Club “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh. (Supplied, Al Jalees Book Club)

Al Jalees has an English department, run by Hajjar in Riyadh, and an Arabic department, run by her sister Rabab, in Jeddah.

Hosted in collaboration with the US Embassy, writers from a wide range of genres and diverse backgrounds were encouraged to attend the “Writing Across Nations” discussion to listen to and engage with American poets, novelists, and academics eager to share the toolkits they have developed to hone their craft.

According to Tom Sleigh, a poet, dramatist and essayist with 11 books of poetry in his arsenal, a common mistake up-and-coming writers commit is comparing their style with that of other authors and trying to live up to those standards, when true talent and audience intrigue comes from the uniqueness one offers in one’s work.

“The idiosyncrasy with which each person approaches their relationship to language meant that there was a kind of utterly unapologetic relationship to writing differently than each other,” he said.

Echoing Sleigh’s words, Cate Dicharry, director of the Writing and Humanities Program at the University of Iowa, said that although she has always been an avid reader, writing seemed unachievable, partly because many of the writers she admired had passed on, creating an enigmatic image of the published author that seemed impossible to emulate.

Al Jalees Book Club hosts “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh. (Supplied, Al Jalees Book Club)

Dicharry also said that young, ambitious students are “reading really good work that is in its final form,” and getting very discouraged when their first drafts do not sound as advanced, creating a fearful cycle that dims potential rather than develops it.

Toxic comparisons aside, all panelists agreed that the key to becoming a great writer is to be a great reader.

Christpher Merril, director of the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa, said that new writers will “fall in love” with a poet and begin imitating them, and if they are lucky enough, they will bore themselves and look for another poet to be encapsulated by.

“Bit by bit you fall in love with different poems (and poets) and then you find your way to writing your own poem,” he said.

In an interview with Arab News, Hajjar said that one non-fiction book everyone should read is “Feel the Fear and Do It Anyway” by Susan Jeffers, a self-help book Hajjar uses to advocate for breast and ovarian cancer awareness and prevention.

The fiction book she recommends is “East of Eden” by John Steinbeck, a multi-generational novel that explores the struggle between good and evil through the interconnected lives of two families in California’s Salinas Valley.

Recalling his time covering the war in former Yugoslavia, in preparation for writing his book: “Only the Nails Remain: Scenes from the Balkan Wars”, Merril spoke about how writing first begins with observing, whether that means observing people’s behaviors or the settings around you.

“Part of your job as a writer is you are paying attention, you’re taking notes, and you’re trying to think: how is he doing that?”

Through writing comes understanding; even if situations seem unclear at first, write them down first and examine the chaos later, Merril said.

Al Jalees Book Club hosts “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh. (Supplied, Al Jalees Book Club)

Responding to a question from Arab News, Merril said: “I am not going to imagine that I am writing from a place of knowledge about myself, I am writing from a place of vast ignorance, with the hope that some lights might go off along the way.”

Elizabeth Willis, professor of poetry at the University of Iowa, emphasized that writing fiction or other literary forms and understanding yourself as a person are both lifelong practices, so do not make your craft wait for you or it will be waiting forever.

Sleigh said that the quiet that comes with writing inadvertently gives you the space and freedom to work through matters in your own life, mirroring Merril’s “through writing comes understanding external concept internally.

Al Jalees hosts large events every month and over the years they have accumulated more than 120 speakers to join their sessions in over 700 events.

Moving Al Jalees online during the COVID pandemic helped open it up to the rest of the world

“When a book club turns into a culture club, turns into a club where everybody intellectual is all around it, it is a very positive impact for you, for your children, for your family, for your friends, and then you make friends through the thousands of people that you meet,” Hajjar said.

Readers and writers of all levels and backgrounds, as well as those simply interested in the community, are welcome to join their events, she said.

“Language is not just words; it is a lifestyle.”

Al Jalees hopes to expand its Jeddah-based Arabic chapter to Riyadh in the upcoming months, as well as to expand the English chapter to biweekly events.

 


Bollywood actor Saif Ali Khan home from hospital days after knife attack by intruder

Bollywood actor Saif Ali Khan home from hospital days after knife attack by intruder
Updated 8 min 1 sec ago
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Bollywood actor Saif Ali Khan home from hospital days after knife attack by intruder

Bollywood actor Saif Ali Khan home from hospital days after knife attack by intruder
  • Khan, 54, was stabbed six times by intruder during attempted burglary at home on Thursday
  • Indian police arrested suspect thought to be Bangladeshi national in connection with attack

MUMBAI: Bollywood actor Saif Ali Khan left a hospital in India’s financial capital Mumbai on Tuesday, less than a week after he suffered knife injuries in a scuffle with an intruder at his house, local media reported.
Khan, 54, was stabbed six times by the intruder during an attempted burglary at his home after midnight on Thursday. He had surgery after sustaining stab wounds to his spine, neck and hands, doctors said.
Khan was discharged from hospital on Tuesday afternoon. He smiled at TV cameras from his car and waved his bandaged hand.
On Sunday, police arrested a man, thought to be a citizen of Bangladesh, in connection with the attack and were continuing to investigate the crime.
The suspect, arrested on the outskirts of Mumbai, was using the name Vijay Das, but is believed to be Mohammad Shariful Islam Shehzad, who was working with a housekeeping agency after having come to the city five or six months ago, Dikshit Gedam, a deputy commissioner of police, told a press conference.
The attack on Khan shocked residents of Mumbai as well as fellow Bollywood actors, especially because it took place in an upscale neighborhood of the city, in an apartment block that is strictly guarded.


UAE’s president receives Afghanistan’s minister of interior in Abu Dhabi

UAE’s president receives Afghanistan’s minister of interior in Abu Dhabi
Updated 7 min 29 sec ago
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UAE’s president receives Afghanistan’s minister of interior in Abu Dhabi

UAE’s president receives Afghanistan’s minister of interior in Abu Dhabi
  • Sirajuddin Haqqani commends UAE’s humanitarian assistance to Afghan people

LONDON: President of the UAE Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan received Afghanistan’s Minister of Interior Sirajuddin Haqqani on Tuesday at Qasr Al-Shati in Abu Dhabi.

The parties discussed recent news in Afghanistan and ways to enhance bilateral cooperation, particularly in development.

They looked at efforts to support Afghanistan’s stability and promote prosperity for its people.

Haqqani praised the level of cooperation between Abu Dhabi and Kabul and commended the UAE’s humanitarian assistance to the Afghan people, the Emirates News Agency reported.


ESG sukuk set to cross $50bn in 2025: Fitch Ratings

ESG sukuk set to cross $50bn in 2025: Fitch Ratings
Updated 13 min 43 sec ago
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ESG sukuk set to cross $50bn in 2025: Fitch Ratings

ESG sukuk set to cross $50bn in 2025: Fitch Ratings

RIYADH: The global issuance of environmental, social, and governance sukuk is expected to surpass $50 billion outstanding in 2025, driven by Islamic finance markets in countries including Saudi Arabia, according to an analysis. 

In its latest report, Fitch Ratings said the global value of Shariah-compliant bonds focused on ESG expanded by 23 percent year on year to $45.2 billion outstanding in 2024. This growth outpaced global ESG bonds, which saw a 16 percent increase. The analysis added that countries such as the UAE, Indonesia, and Malaysia would play a key role in driving the growth of ESG sukuk.

These bonds are investments in renewable energy and other environmental assets and are considered key debt instruments as the world moves toward a greener future. 

“The ESG sukuk market has a robust credit profile, with nearly all Fitch-rated ESG sukuk being investment grade,” said Bashar Al Natoor, global head of Islamic Finance at Fitch Ratings. 

He added: “Sukuk is now a key ESG funding tool in emerging markets, with growth expected amidst sustainability initiatives, funding needs, and a favorable funding environment. However, issuances remain concentrated in a handful of countries.”

ESG sukuk expansion also outpaced global sukuk growth, which witnessed a 10 percent increase in 2024. 

The US-based credit rating agency added that green and sustainable sukuk could help issuers opportunistically tap demand from ESG-sensitive international investors from the US, Europe, and Asia, as well as sukuk-focused Islamic investors from the Gulf Cooperation Council region. 

Several factors, including funding diversification goals, enabling regulations, sustainability initiatives, and net-zero targets pursued by sovereigns, banks, and corporations, as well as government-related entities, could boost the issuance of this debt product in 2025.

The analysis revealed that ESG sukuk is also likely to cross 15 percent of global dollar sukuk issuance in the medium term. 

The report also highlighted the impact of the adoption of Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions’ Sharia Standard 62. 

“Risks facing ESG sukuk market growth include Shariah-compliance complexities, such as linked to AAOIFI Sharia Standard No. 62, weakening sustainability drives, geopolitical risks, and oil volatilities,” said Fitch Ratings. 

This AAOIFI guideline, which was published as an exposure draft in late 2023, aims to standardize various aspects of the sukuk market, including asset backing, ownership transfer, and trading procedures.

Earlier this month, S&P Global said that global sukuk issuance is projected to hit between $190 billion and $200 billion in 2025, driven by increased activity in key markets such as the Kingdom and Indonesia. 

In December, a report by Kamco Invest projected that Saudi Arabia would face the largest share of bond maturities in the GCC region from 2025 to 2029, reaching an estimated $168 billion.