How solar-powered desalination allows Saudi Arabia to produce potable water sustainably

Special How solar-powered desalination allows Saudi Arabia to produce potable water sustainably
A view of the Al-Khafji Desalination Plant, the world's largest. (Vision 2030 photo)
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Updated 22 June 2024
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How solar-powered desalination allows Saudi Arabia to produce potable water sustainably

How solar-powered desalination allows Saudi Arabia to produce potable water sustainably
  • Desalination of seawater allows parched Gulf nations to access plentiful water for farming and human consumption
  • To cut emissions, the Kingdom is adopting renewable energy sources to power its filtration and treatment plants

RIYADH: In regions with limited rainfall, desalination is a practical means of sourcing plentiful water for farming and human consumption. However, the process of turning seawater into freshwater is notoriously energy intensive.

Indeed, desalination is a significant contributor to carbon emissions in the water-scarce Arabian Peninsula. That is why Saudi Arabia has been investing in green energy sources to power its desalination plants.

“Using renewable energies for desalination is crucial as it contributes to reducing the operation’s carbon footprint and water production costs,” Sultan Al-Rajhi, spokesperson for the Saudi Water Authority, told Arab News.

 

 

Due to the scarcity of freshwater resources in a region with a rapidly growing population, seawater desalination is essential to keep pace with demand, he added.

“Saudi Arabia depends on desalination of seawater due to the nature of the desert climate, in which the presence of surface water and natural rivers is rare,” Al-Rajhi said.

In fact, desalination accounts for about 75 percent of the Kingdom’s water supply.

“Therefore, investment is being made in desalination of seawater to meet the demand for population and economic growth witnessed in the Gulf region as a whole.”

Each year, the Kingdom requires an average of 5.5 billion cubic meters of freshwater. The need for water is especially high during the Hajj and Umrah seasons, when well over a million pilgrims arrive from around the world.

Home to more than 37 million people, the Kingdom is the world’s third-largest consumer of water per head of population. Agriculture alone accounts for around 84 percent of total water consumption.




An alfalfa farm in Riyadh region's Wadi Ad-Dawasir governorate. (Supplied)

Desalination is a complex process that involves removing salt and other impurities from seawater. Since the process requires a significant amount of energy, adopting renewables such as solar to power these facilities has become a top priority.

“To develop climate-resilient infrastructure for sustainable desalination, Saudi Arabia should prioritize innovative and renewable technologies,” Abdulaziz Daghestani, area sales director of water utilities and country director at Grundfos, told Arab News.

Grundfos is a Danish company that is working with regional states to provide innovative pumping solutions for water supply, wastewater management, heating and cooling, and industrial processes. 

According to Daghestani, integrating advanced monitoring systems can help optimize desalination operations and enhance efficiency.

“Using real-time data and analytics, we can improve water management practices and make timely adjustments to meet the varying increasing demand for human consumption and agriculture,” he said.

The Qatrah program, which means “droplet” in Arabic, was launched by the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture in 2020, and aims to reduce excess water usage by eliminating waste, and encouraging the conservation and reuse of existing freshwater.

Its objective is to lower daily per-capita water consumption from 263 liters to 150 liters by 2030. To do this, the ministry has created a unified framework, known as the National Water Strategy, for the country.

However, despite these efforts to improve the sustainability of water systems, desalination remains a crucial means of meeting water demand, making the adoption of clean energy sources and efficient production techniques a critical priority.

DID YOUKNOW?

• In 2023, Saudi Arabia had a desalination capacity of 13.2m cubic meters per day.

• 7 million cubic meters of desalinated water have been generated by the Al-Khafji plant.

• Desalination accounts for 60 percent of the urban water supply in Saudi Arabia.

• Agriculture makes up 84 percent of the Kingdom’s water needs.

Al-Khafji Desalination Plant, located in the Kingdom’s Eastern Province, is the world’s largest solar-powered water desalination project, providing the region’s water requirements through an innovative and environmentally friendly approach.

The plant can generate up to 90,000 cubic meters of freshwater per day using innovative technology created by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. 

Its new Solar Saline Water Reverse Osmosis method uses a process known as ultra-filtration during the pre-treatment phase.




A view of the Ras al-Khair water desalination plant, owned by the Saudi government's Saline Water Conversion Corporation, along the Gulf coast in eastern Saudi Arabia. (AFP)

The method involves forcing seawater through a semipermeable membrane that only allows water molecules to pass, while blocking the salt and other contaminants. The resulting purified water is then collected for distribution.

Since its launch in 2018, more than 7 million cubic meters of freshwater produced by the plant have already been utilized.

“Using reverse osmosis technology is considered to have the lowest rates of carbon emissions as a result of the increase in energy efficiency through the development of this field in recent years,” said Al-Rajhi.

“The rate of carbon emissions per cubic meter in some desalination systems has been reduced to 91 percent compared with thermal desalination systems.”

Solar is not the only source of renewable energy that can be adopted to power the desalination process.

“This is in addition to the prospective use of hydraulic turbines to convert the kinetic energy resulting from the flow of water into electricity to generate clean energy,” said Al-Rajhi.

This shift toward renewables not only addresses the high energy costs associated with desalination but also supports Saudi Arabia’s commitment to sustainable development. 

Inger Andersen, executive director of the UN Environment Programme, has praised the Kingdom’s water conservation agenda, which is part and parcel with its environmental mission, the Saudi Green Initiative.




A farm in Wadi bin Hashbal, Saudi Arabia, was recently recognized by the Guinness World Records as the largest sustainable farm in the world. (Supplied)

Saudi Arabia is correct to prioritize “not over-extracting and being very wise around environmental management.”

“That is why we are quite impressed by the Saudi Green Initiative,” she told Arab News.

This transition to cleaner energy sources reflects a strategic decision to enhance the Kingdom’s energy efficiency and reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, while simultaneously addressing the challenges posed by climate change.

Integrating renewable energy into desalination processes marks a significant step toward achieving a more sustainable and environmentally-conscious approach to water production.
 

 


Trump to visit Saudi Arabia in May, White House confirms

US President Donald Trump. (File/AFP)
US President Donald Trump. (File/AFP)
Updated 01 April 2025
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Trump to visit Saudi Arabia in May, White House confirms

US President Donald Trump. (File/AFP)
  • Trip to Kingdom will be first foreign trip of president’s second term

RIYADH: US President Donald Trump is to visit Saudi Arabia in May, the White House confirmed on Tuesday.

Press secretary Karoline Leavitt said: “The president will be heading to Saudi Arabia in May. As for specific dates and details, we will be reading those out to you as soon as we possibly can.”

The trip to the Kingdom will be the first foreign trip of Trump’s second term as president.

Regarding a potential ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine, Leavitt said that Trump “has made it clear that’s what he wants to see” and “his team remains engaged on it every day.”

Saudi Arabia has hosted talks involving the US and Russia, and the US and Ukraine as Trump facilitates moves toward a ceasefire.


Saudi leadership offers condolences to ruler of Umm Al-Quwain after death of his mother

Saudi leadership offers condolences to ruler of Umm Al-Quwain after death of his mother
Updated 01 April 2025
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Saudi leadership offers condolences to ruler of Umm Al-Quwain after death of his mother

Saudi leadership offers condolences to ruler of Umm Al-Quwain after death of his mother

RIYADH: The leaders of Saudi Arabia offered their condolences to Sheikh Saud bin Rashid Al-Mualla, the ruler of the emirate of Umm Al-Quwain in the UAE, following the death on Monday of his mother, Sheikha Hessa bint Hamid Al-Shamsi.

King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman expressed their heartfelt sympathies along with their prayers that God will grant eternal rest to Sheikha Hessa, as well as solace and strength for her family and loved ones during this time of sorrow.

Authorities in Umm Al-Quwain have declared three days of mourning in her honor.


Madinah Retreats: Culture, spirituality to power up the soul

The Madinah Retreats experience is usually hosted in a traditional farm resort surrounded by nature. (Supplied)
The Madinah Retreats experience is usually hosted in a traditional farm resort surrounded by nature. (Supplied)
Updated 01 April 2025
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Madinah Retreats: Culture, spirituality to power up the soul

The Madinah Retreats experience is usually hosted in a traditional farm resort surrounded by nature. (Supplied)
  • Paradigm shift blends wellness practices, cultural expeditions, spiritual experiences

JEDDAH: In the sacred embrace of Madinah, one of Islam’s holiest sites, a new culture-oriented wellness experience is offering a journey that integrates spirituality, culture, and heritage.

The inspiration behind Madinah Retreats stems from founder Moatassem Al-Bitar’s experience in the wellness and spiritual tourism industry in Saudi Arabia and beyond.

Recognizing key gaps in traditional retreat models and leveraging Saudi Arabia’s tourism vision, he envisioned a paradigm shift that blends modern wellness practices, cultural expeditions, and spiritual experiences into a single journey.

Rehbah, where the first wellness retreat in Madina was held earlier in 2024. (Supplied)

With a background as a corporate culture change and people engagement manager, Al-Bitar has curated over 50 retreats across Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the US, serving more than 400 participants.

His academic training spans diverse fields, including organizational behavior, Islamic spirituality, and intercultural studies.

Officially launched in 2024 after five years in the making, the initiative held its second retreat, under the theme “The Arrival,” earlier this year in Madinah.

FASTFACTS

• Madinah Retreats stems from founder Moatassem Al-Bitar’s experience in the wellness and spiritual tourism industry in Saudi Arabia and beyond.

• It blends modern wellness practices, cultural expeditions, and spiritual experiences into a single journey.

Al-Bitar told Arab News: “Every retreat we design starts with clear intentions and objectives, supplemented by a story and a theme that aligns with a particular destination.”

The retreats feature a collective of facilitators who work together toward a unified intention, ensuring a balanced and immersive experience.

“One of our main goals is to promote different destinations in Saudi Arabia that are perfectly ideal for wellness-centric experiences, in addition to its unmatched culturally enriching character,” Al-Bitar said.

“We seek to partner with pertinent governmental initiatives and entities that fulfill the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 for wellness tourism and exceptional experiences.”

Al-Bitar explained that each retreat is meticulously structured around three core pillars: spirituality (meditative practices and inner reflection); culture (heritage site visits, traditional storytelling, and local experiences); and wellness (movement–based practices, mindfulness exercises, and healing foods).

By integrating these elements into daily programs, Madinah Retreats offers a journey tailored to the needs of participants and is a “philosophy of being rooted, real, and rich.”

The retreats target individuals and groups seeking genuine transformation in their well-being, spiritual connection, and cultural enrichment. They provide a safe and accepting space where participants are respected on their unique paths to healing.

Madinah, which is the spiritual capital of Islam, is popularly known as the Illuminated City. It offers an atmosphere of peace and rejuvenation, and its diverse topography and climate make it ideal for nature-based healing.

“Madinah is widely recognized as a destination where the heart feels at peace, the body feels rejuvenated, the mind feels clarity and the soul feels enriched,” said Al-Bitar. “The city’s rapid development and recognition as a top global tourism destination further enhance its appeal.”

The Madinah Retreats experience is usually hosted in a traditional farm resort surrounded by nature. Participants visit cultural and historic sites, explore the city’s vibrant social scene, and experience local cuisine, contemporary art, and community traditions.

“During the retreat we offer meditation, breathwork, self-reflection, yoga, tai chi, and other somatic therapies, creative expression as a healing tool, as well as locally sourced, nourishing meals,” Al-Bitar added.

The somatic practices guided by expert facilitators enhance body awareness and overall well-being.

Al-Bitar said: “Connecting with nature and animals has proven therapeutic benefits. Madinah Retreats incorporates nature-based and equine therapy to help participants reconnect with their original disposition, providing an irreplaceable form of healing.”

Cultural storytelling is also an essential component, allowing participants to explore the hidden wisdom of each landmark and understand local traditions and historic practices.

No prior experience in meditation or wellness practices is required, making the retreats accessible to all.

Honoring his Egyptian roots, Al-Bitar is expanding the retreats to Siwa, Egypt.

Siwa Oasis, nestled within a breathtaking desert landscape, is characterized by vast dunes, striking limestone outcrops, and distinctive geomorphological features that enhance its appeal as a tourist destination.

“The expansion to Siwa, Egypt, was inspired by the oasis’ 160-year-old tradition of reconciliation — Eid El-Solh, a celebration of harmony,” Al-Bitar said.

“Siwa’s natural healing elements, such as salt lakes, hot springs, and lush landscapes, mirror many of Madinah’s restorative qualities.”

Al-Bitar said that Madinah Retreats will also explore the Kingdom’s hidden gems by hosting retreats in Abha, Aseer, Al-Ahsa, and other locations rich in healing nature and cultural heritage.

Retreat prices range from SR5,000 ($1,333) to SR10,000, depending on the location, program, facilitators, transportation, and accommodation.

Madinah Retreats follows a collaborative model, partnering with local service providers, facilitators, and experts to provide an experience that remains true to the cultural essence of each destination.

Al-Bitar said: “Our content caters to people from different backgrounds, both English and Arabic speakers. Our agenda is characterized by being spacious and offers ample time for self-guided practices. Our way of delivery is strictly non-intrusive.”

Participants leave Madinah Retreats feeling “transformed, enriched, and connected to their most authentic selves.”

Al-Bitar said that the experience embodied the profound wisdom: “You presume you are a small entity, but within you is enfolded the entire universe.”

Madinah Retreats also provides a customized retreat model that caters to corporations and teams, as well as add-on visits such as expeditions in AlUla.

 


Albanian prime minister receives MWL chief in Tirana

Albanian prime minister receives MWL chief in Tirana
Updated 01 April 2025
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Albanian prime minister receives MWL chief in Tirana

Albanian prime minister receives MWL chief in Tirana
  • Rama expressed his appreciation for Al-Issa’s visit to Albania and for delivering the blessed Eid Al-Fitr sermon at the Grand Mosque of Tirana

TIRANA: Muslim World League Secretary-General Dr. Mohammed bin Abdulkarim Al-Issa was recently received by Prime Minister of Albania Edi Rama at his office in the capital city of Tirana.

Rama expressed his appreciation for Al-Issa’s visit to Albania and for delivering the blessed Eid Al-Fitr sermon at the Grand Mosque of Tirana, the league’s official account wrote in a post on X on Tuesday.

During his visit to Albania, Al-Issa also visited the Islamic Community of Albania and met with its president and scholars to extend his congratulations on the occasion of Eid Al-Fitr.

 


Female tour guides prove key to improving the Makkah pilgrimage experience

Female tour guides prove key to improving the Makkah pilgrimage experience
Updated 01 April 2025
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Female tour guides prove key to improving the Makkah pilgrimage experience

Female tour guides prove key to improving the Makkah pilgrimage experience
  • Guides fluent in multiple languages and well-versed in cultural and religious history
  • “Through storytelling, we reveal the meaning behind each site, trace the city’s historical evolution, and bring to life the journeys of the Prophet”

MAKKAH: Amid a record-breaking influx of pilgrims this year, female tour guides in Makkah have become an integral part of the experience.

Their fluency in multiple languages and deep knowledge of the Holy City’s history and landmarks have made them invaluable to both pilgrims and visitors.

They share information, help visitors navigate sacred sites and teach people about culture and religion — all of which help make the experience even more memorable.

One of the women, Itimad Ghazzawi, said: “Our mission is to enrich (pilgrims’) journey — not just by guiding them through rituals, but by offering a deeper connection to the Islamic heritage and culture embedded in this sacred city.”

She explained that tour guides speak multiple languages, as Makkah brings together people from all around the world.

“We strive to master these languages to become a bridge between the pilgrim and this sacred city,” she said. “Through storytelling, we reveal the meaning behind each site, trace the city’s historical evolution and bring to life the journeys of the Prophet, his noble companions, and the defining moments that shaped Islamic history.

“We also offer reassurance to pilgrims, many of whom are visiting for the first time and may feel uncertain about where to begin or how to perform the rituals properly. We help them navigate the holy sites, from Makkah’s historic mountains and museums to its valleys, ravines, Jabal al-Nour and the Cave of Hira, making every step smoother and more meaningful.”

She added: “Some arrive feeling anxious about the crowds or overwhelmed by language barriers, and we’re there to ease those worries, instill confidence, and ensure their pilgrimage is both smooth and spiritually fulfilling.”

Fellow guide Rania Chaudhry emphasized that enriching the pilgrim experience required extensive knowledge.

“We go far beyond surface-level facts,” she told Arab News. “We delve into historical texts, study key Islamic events and consult trusted sources, research extensively, and listen to historical narratives to ensure everything we share is both accurate and meaningful.

“At the same time, we embrace modern technology, using apps and interactive platforms to connect with visitors and deliver guidance in ways that are engaging, accessible, and relevant.”

She added being a tour guide was “a mission, one that fills us with pride. It is an opportunity to serve the guests of God and reflect an honorable image of Makkah, as well as of Saudi women, who have become an integral part of this meaningful field.

“There’s a profound sense of fulfillment in a pilgrim’s eyes filled with gratitude, knowing they felt more at ease, more connected and better informed during their visit to this sacred place.”

While at times the guides face challenges — such as navigating heavy traffic or responding to complex and unexpected questions — Chaudry said these only strengthened their commitment.

“Such experiences push us to sharpen our skills,” she said.

“We are honored to be part of each pilgrim’s journey, helping them see Makkah with eyes of understanding and hearts full of reverence. We love what we do, because it allows us to serve the guests of God and enrich their spiritual journey with knowledge, passion and purpose.”