How Saudi Arabia is building a sustainable agricultural sector through innovation

Special How Saudi Arabia is building a sustainable agricultural sector through innovation
The farm in Wadi Bin Hashbal, Asir, covers over 3.2 million square meters and is recognized by the Guinness World Records. (Supplied photos/File))
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Updated 09 June 2024
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How Saudi Arabia is building a sustainable agricultural sector through innovation

How Saudi Arabia is building a sustainable agricultural sector through innovation
  • A vertical farm in Riyadh has produced a greater yield of strawberries than local farmers at a fraction of the water usage
  • Wadi Bin Hashbal, the Kingdom’s Guinness World Record-breaking sustainable farm, uses treated water to irrigate its crops

RIYADH: Climate change poses a significant threat to agriculture, with serious implications for food security, livelihoods and access to water. That is why Saudi Arabia is adopting a range of innovative and sustainable farming practices.

As summer temperatures become more intense around the world, crop yields are dwindling and water scarcity mounting, raising the specter of food insecurity in some regions and higher prices on domestic and global markets.

Agriculture is also a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. About 24 percent of human-induced emissions are the result of agriculture, forestry and land use activities, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

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To limit the environmental harm caused by farming while also adapting crop production to hotter, drier conditions, governments and businesses worldwide are adopting new technologies, methods and practices in pursuit of sustainable agriculture.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, strategies for agriculture and forestry, unlike in other sectors, can simultaneously increase adaptive capacity and mitigate climate change if implemented sustainably.

Sustainable agriculture refers to methods and practices that preserve the environment, protect natural resources, ensure the security of food supply chains and provide sufficient returns for farmers.

Saudi Arabia has established several sustainable agriculture initiatives, including efforts to promote the use of treated water for irrigation and the adoption of soilless farming techniques — measures designed to meet the needs of a changing demographic.

By 2045, the world’s urban population is projected to increase by 1.5 times to 6 billion, according to the World Bank. With many more people leaving rural areas in search of opportunities in the cities, the way food is produced and distributed requires a rethink.

That is why Saudi Arabia is exploring the use of urban farming technology, including vertical farming or soilless culture, as a potential solution.




Vertical farming addresses the challenges of limited land availability, seasonality of crops, and a growing global population. (Shutterstock)

Vertical or soilless farming refers to a method of growing plants without the use of soil, whereby nutrients are delivered to the roots through water — a process also known as hydroponics.

Soilless plants utilize drip or mist irrigation techniques, enabling a more controlled dispensation of water, preventing water wastage. This technique saves 98 percent more water than traditional farming, according to the World Economic Forum.

Areas struggling with water scarcity, poor soil fertility, salinity, or sodicity could benefit from this method, not only to conserve water and reduce pesticide usage, but also to allow for year-round crop production.

The National Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture, or Estidamah, is a standalone legal not-for-profit research center based in Saudi Arabia. Its vertical farming program aims to optimize crop production — mainly leafy vegetables and strawberries.




The National Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture, or Estidamah, has been producing high-yield tomatoes at its greenhouses. (Estidamah photo)

To bolster this initiative, the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture set aside SR100 million ($27 million). In 2021, scientists from Estidamah and Wageningen University in The Netherlands managed to cultivate Estavana variety strawberries in a greenhouse in Riyadh.

The resulting strawberry yield, and that of two other varieties, was considerably greater than that of local farmers, demonstrating the technology’s immense potential.

However, Saudi Arabia’s commitment to sustainable agriculture is perhaps best demonstrated by the methods and practices used at Wadi Bin Hashbal — a mega farm situated in the mountainous southwestern Asir region.

“This farm is the largest sustainable research demonstration or experimental farm in the world, with an area exceeding 3.2 million square meters, as is recognized by the Guinness World Records,” Ahmed Al-Mujthal, director-general of the Ministry of Environment and Water’s Asir branch, told Arab News.

One of the most impressive features of the farm is its use of treated water to irrigate crops. “The treated water is divided into municipal and industrial wastewater, with each type requiring specific treatment plants,” said Al-Mujthal.

DID YOUKNOW?

• Saudi Arabia exports wheat, dates, dairy products, eggs, fish, poultry, fruits, vegetables and even flowers.

• Wadi bin Hashbal’s sustainable farm is recognized by Guinness World Records as the largest in the world using treated water to irrigate crops.

• Urban farming and treating wastewater for irrigation are some of the sustainable agricultural practices adopted by Saudi Arabia.

The primary treatment phase removes large particles and oils, the secondary treatment phase involves aerobic bacteria, and the tertiary treatment uses filters to remove remaining pollutants and odors.

“Chlorination is done to eliminate microbes and treated water is suitable for all uses except direct human consumption,” said Al-Mujthal. “The amount of water produced from the treatment plants in the Asir region exceeds 240,000 cubic meters per day.”

The treated water is then transported across the region to where it is needed. “There are four main treated water plants in the Asir region, all of which rely on the triple treatment method and are completely suitable for irrigating all crops,” Al-Mujthal added.

Wadi Bin Hashbal has about 16,000 trees yielding eight varieties of seasonal fruit, in addition to 2,400 non-fruiting local trees and a field designated for growing fodder and raising livestock. It also contains five protected, air-conditioned farms designated for research.




The success of the Kingdom’s sustainable agriculture projects bodes well for climate-vulnerable nations around the globe. (Supplied photos/File)

“More importantly is monitoring the quality of water and soil that is carried out on the farm by constantly taking samples and analyzing them in specialized laboratories accredited by the ministry,” said Al-Mujthal.

This is in addition to measuring the temperature and humidity in the soil, and the amount of rain and wind speed on the site through the climate station established on the farm.

The Asir region was strategically chosen for the farm as it is characterized by a unique geography, the fertility of its soil and its favorable climate.

“In general, the data received from the competent authorities indicates that the average rainfall in the Asir region exceeds 300 mm per year,” said Al-Mujthal. In mountainous areas with dense vegetation, rainfall can even exceed 500 mm per year.

“Other factors include the relative abundance of surface and groundwater in addition to the presence of excellent infrastructure in the Asir region for drainage and water treatment,” Al-Mujthal added.

The success of the Kingdom’s sustainable agriculture projects bodes well for climate-vulnerable nations around the globe that are struggling to adapt to water scarcity and rising temperatures.

Indeed, if crops can be grown sustainably in Saudi Arabia — one of the hottest and driest places on the planet — there is hope yet for agriculture in a changing world.
 

 


Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched

Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched
Updated 50 min 28 sec ago
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Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched

Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched
  • Project aims to offer valuable resource for academics, policymakers
  • Launch ceremony attended by distinguished experts from across region

RIYADH: A new unified database of official government policies on the Arabic language from 22 countries was launched on Monday.

Saudi Arabia’s King Salman International Academy for the Arabic Language, in partnership with the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, launched the Language Policy System Project in Arab States at ALECSO’s headquarters in Tunis.

The system has gathered language policy data from 22 Arab states, aiming to provide a resource that enables decision-makers, researchers, scholars and experts to undertake strategic linguistic work.

The project was developed in coordination with the Saudi National Commission for Education, Culture and Science.

The launch ceremony attracted a broad range of linguistic experts, institutions and specialists in language planning.

It was also attended by representatives of Arab states in the organization and secretaries of national committees, with more than 50 attendees in total.

The collaboration between KSGAAL and ALECSO plays a key role in advancing initiatives to promote the Arabic language, safeguard its purity and underscore its profound cultural significance, according to Mahmoud Al-Mahmoud, head of the Planning and Language Policy Sector at KSGAAL.

A standout feature of the project is its compilation of more than 1,800 language policies from 22 Arab countries.

Furthermore, the project links these policies to various fields of language planning, greatly enhancing the overall value of the initiative, Al-Mahmoud added.

KSGAAL will provide access to the extensive dataset for researchers, enabling them to leverage the information in a wide range of studies focused on language planning across Arab countries, Al-Mahmoud told Arab News.

The project stems from the academy’s belief in the value of language planning, aiming to achieve its objectives through conducting and publishing studies and research, as well as issuing periodic reports on the state of the Arabic language and its indicators, Al-Mahmoud said.

“The project is distinguished by its strategic significance in influencing language decisions, internationally and regionally, as well as its leadership in terms of both scope and quality,” he added.


Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe

Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe
Updated 21 January 2025
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Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe

Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe
  • Al Jalees Book Club was founded in 2014 and has a presence in Riyadh and Jeddah
  • American poets, novelists and academics from the University of Iowa attended talk

RIYADH: Bookworms and aspiring writers alike were given space to explore their creative talent and learn from seasoned authors at Al Jalees Book Club’s “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh this week.

The club was founded in 2014 by Rana Hajjar, a Jeddah native who wanted to create a productive and welcoming community for local readers and writers.

“Al Jalees is my passion project, I started it because I wanted a space to fit in, a community that understands my interest,” she said.

Hajjar said that although the literary community has very much always been alive in Saudi Arabia, it was very difficult to find each other. So the main goal of the club was for her and others to feel less alone.

Elizabeth Willis, professor of poetry at the University of Iowa at Al Jalees Book Club “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh. (Supplied, Al Jalees Book Club)

Al Jalees has an English department, run by Hajjar in Riyadh, and an Arabic department, run by her sister Rabab, in Jeddah.

Hosted in collaboration with the US Embassy, writers from a wide range of genres and diverse backgrounds were encouraged to attend the “Writing Across Nations” discussion to listen to and engage with American poets, novelists, and academics eager to share the toolkits they have developed to hone their craft.

According to Tom Sleigh, a poet, dramatist and essayist with 11 books of poetry in his arsenal, a common mistake up-and-coming writers commit is comparing their style with that of other authors and trying to live up to those standards, when true talent and audience intrigue comes from the uniqueness one offers in one’s work.

“The idiosyncrasy with which each person approaches their relationship to language meant that there was a kind of utterly unapologetic relationship to writing differently than each other,” he said.

Echoing Sleigh’s words, Cate Dicharry, director of the Writing and Humanities Program at the University of Iowa, said that although she has always been an avid reader, writing seemed unachievable, partly because many of the writers she admired had passed on, creating an enigmatic image of the published author that seemed impossible to emulate.

Al Jalees Book Club hosts “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh. (Supplied, Al Jalees Book Club)

Dicharry also said that young, ambitious students are “reading really good work that is in its final form,” and getting very discouraged when their first drafts do not sound as advanced, creating a fearful cycle that dims potential rather than develops it.

Toxic comparisons aside, all panelists agreed that the key to becoming a great writer is to be a great reader.

Christpher Merril, director of the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa, said that new writers will “fall in love” with a poet and begin imitating them, and if they are lucky enough, they will bore themselves and look for another poet to be encapsulated by.

“Bit by bit you fall in love with different poems (and poets) and then you find your way to writing your own poem,” he said.

In an interview with Arab News, Hajjar said that one non-fiction book everyone should read is “Feel the Fear and Do It Anyway” by Susan Jeffers, a self-help book Hajjar uses to advocate for breast and ovarian cancer awareness and prevention.

The fiction book she recommends is “East of Eden” by John Steinbeck, a multi-generational novel that explores the struggle between good and evil through the interconnected lives of two families in California’s Salinas Valley.

Recalling his time covering the war in former Yugoslavia, in preparation for writing his book: “Only the Nails Remain: Scenes from the Balkan Wars”, Merril spoke about how writing first begins with observing, whether that means observing people’s behaviors or the settings around you.

“Part of your job as a writer is you are paying attention, you’re taking notes, and you’re trying to think: how is he doing that?”

Through writing comes understanding; even if situations seem unclear at first, write them down first and examine the chaos later, Merril said.

Al Jalees Book Club hosts “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh. (Supplied, Al Jalees Book Club)

Responding to a question from Arab News, Merril said: “I am not going to imagine that I am writing from a place of knowledge about myself, I am writing from a place of vast ignorance, with the hope that some lights might go off along the way.”

Elizabeth Willis, professor of poetry at the University of Iowa, emphasized that writing fiction or other literary forms and understanding yourself as a person are both lifelong practices, so do not make your craft wait for you or it will be waiting forever.

Sleigh said that the quiet that comes with writing inadvertently gives you the space and freedom to work through matters in your own life, mirroring Merril’s “through writing comes understanding external concept internally.

Al Jalees hosts large events every month and over the years they have accumulated more than 120 speakers to join their sessions in over 700 events.

Moving Al Jalees online during the COVID pandemic helped open it up to the rest of the world

“When a book club turns into a culture club, turns into a club where everybody intellectual is all around it, it is a very positive impact for you, for your children, for your family, for your friends, and then you make friends through the thousands of people that you meet,” Hajjar said.

Readers and writers of all levels and backgrounds, as well as those simply interested in the community, are welcome to join their events, she said.

“Language is not just words; it is a lifestyle.”

Al Jalees hopes to expand its Jeddah-based Arabic chapter to Riyadh in the upcoming months, as well as to expand the English chapter to biweekly events.

 


Japanese artist nails it with designs inspired by anime, K-pop

Japanese artist nails it with designs inspired by anime, K-pop
Updated 21 January 2025
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Japanese artist nails it with designs inspired by anime, K-pop

Japanese artist nails it with designs inspired by anime, K-pop
  • Nail artist Hikaru Morishita has built a loyal Saudi following
  • Aim is to recreate clients’ ‘innate personality into the design’

RIYADH: Japanese nail artist Hikaru Morishita is bringing her intricate nail designs inspired by anime and K-pop to Riyadh later this month. 

Based in the UAE, Morishita will kickstart her 2025 Gulf tour with a stop in Saudi Arabia’s capital from Jan. 23 to 25.

She is serving a new and loyal Saudi clientele who are fascinated by her eccentric creations. 

The self-taught nail artist told Arab News the story of her humble beginnings in 2019.

Morishita said she was left uninspired by the designs for nails in the industry at the time and decided to move in her own direction. 

She quickly earned recognition: “People started asking me a lot about nails, and I told myself maybe this is the thing that I should pursue.” 

Hikaru Morishita is bringing her anime-inspired nail art to Riyadh. (SUPPLIED)

She added: “Then I took my first client; she’s a girl that lived in the same apartment building that I used to live in … I spent five hours doing medium-length extensions.

“When I completed it (and) after she left my room, I had this joy that came from inside of me, and I screamed from joy … That is the kind of sensation I have never experienced, and I want to experience it over and over. It felt legitimate.” 

For three years, she balanced the life of a nail technician with a job as a secretary at a corporate firm. And in 2022 she began her first international nail tour, landing first in Riyadh. 

Today, she works as a fulltime nail artist and owns two businesses: TAMAMONO, a fine jewelry brand, and Chapa, a merchandise store for a penguin character she designed.

When Morishita begins filing and carving her transcendent nail designs, she enters a world of colorful self-expression, with the aim to instill a sense of confidence in her clients.

Hikaru Morishita is bringing her anime-inspired nail art to Riyadh. (SUPPLIED)

“What I really love about the way I do nails for my girls is not about me doing my favorite design on them, but I always try to make sure that I somehow recreate her innate personality into the design — like what she’s hiding and what is still sleeping inside of her.

“I try to make it shown on her nails, and when my girls see that, they say wow and have so much power.”

Morishita said she draws inspiration from “all the best nail techniques from each region worldwide” to create her self-coined style called “Universe No. 1 Almighty Nailz.” 

She combines techniques from Russia artists, known for their detailed cuticle work, and Kawaii (Japanese) and Gyaru (Korean) charm nail designs, inspired by cartoon characters and gaudy embellishments. 

Morishita is best known for specializing in the “encapsulation” method, a technique of painting nails that layers colors and holograms to create a “5D glassy crystal” look. Many of her designs are handcrafted in stiletto. 

Hikaru Morishita is bringing her anime-inspired nail art to Riyadh. (SUPPLIED)

She prides herself on creating durable acrylic nails that last up to two months, given the labor and hefty price tag starting at SR1,100 ($293). 

Morishita has created detailed dimensional designs inspired by popular Japanese anime including “Death Note” and “Demon Slayer,” as well as a bold nail set inspired by “Arcane,” a steampunk TV series.

Morishita has visited the Kingdom over 20 times and completed more than 115 tours to 13 countries. 

“This is why I keep traveling and keep going no matter what, because I feel like this energy is just so rare, and we just make everything happen just by doing their nails.”


Minzal in Diriyah offers visitors new outdoor activities 

Minzal in Diriyah offers visitors new outdoor activities 
The number of stones in one Misbah is either 33 or 99. (AN Photo Haifa Alshammari)
Updated 21 January 2025
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Minzal in Diriyah offers visitors new outdoor activities 

Minzal in Diriyah offers visitors new outdoor activities 
  • The event offers visitors art workshops, live music, stargazing, horseriding, camping, and more
  • Stargazing, storytelling under the dark sky, and a warm cup of Saudi coffee while relaxing at the majlis on traditional Saudi seating promises to create long-lasting memories for people looking for calm away from the bustling city of Riyadh

RIYADH: People are flocking to attend the second season of the outdoor cultural attraction Minzal, which this winter has a series of new activities to experience.

Organized by Diriyah company as part of its winter season programs, Minzal takes place at Al Duhami Farm in Riyadh from Jan. 11 until Feb. 22.

The event offers visitors art workshops, live music, stargazing, horseriding, camping, and more.

“I thought it would be a simple activity such as shopping areas and coffee shops. I didn’t expect it to be like this,” Mubarak Al-Mansouri, who was visiting from the UAE, told Arab News. “I was surprised and impressed by how it was organized and what it offered. It shows it was organized very well.”

Visitors to Minzal will be able to explore several zones, with each focusing on one theme. For example, one of the areas at the farm is Al-Khayal, which offers horseriding.

In this zone visitors will have a chance to learn about horse breeds and pick up riding skills.

“The connection between horses and Arabs and the family in general is strong. I know horses and I have some relatives who have a deeper interest in horses, so horses are closely connected to us. The place tells you how they are linked to our traditions and heritage,” Al-Mansouri said.

Another zone is Al-Birwaz, where dining options, retail outlets, and workshops demonstrating traditional handicrafts are featured.

Fatimah Al-Ghamdi is an experienced crafter in Saudi Arabia. With more than 30 years’ experience, she has worked in several countries, including Russia, India and China, teaching people traditional Saudi crafts.

“It starts with the material that you use, regardless if it was from wicker or sadu. The material has to be original. For example, the wicker that is discharged or is dry isn’t the best to use,” Al-Ghamdi told Arab News.

Al-Ghamdi not only mastered crafts but taught her daughters too. Ibtisam is Fatimah’s daughter and a participant at Minzal. She teaches visitors how to make misbaha prayer beads.

“The making of misbaha is a traditional craft for us in Makkah and Madinah for pilgrims. It started there with the stones that were available there such as the red corals they used to get from the Red Sea, or the olive and date seeds,” Ibtisam said.

Along with Fatimah and her daughter Ibtisam, Ahmad Muhammad and Falih Al-Hakbani told Arab News about bishet making, which is traditional men’s wear for special occasions.

“Bishet making is either hand-made or by machine. The one that is done by machine has a double layer, whereas the one hand-made is made of one layer,” Muhammad said. “There are also different types of bishet, such as al-bakhiah, in which the sewing thread and textile both have the same color.” 

At Minzal there is also a comfy seating area for socializing with family and friends around an open fire and listening to live music at the Al-Mashb Zone.

At Al-Mashb, people relax and enjoy delicious bites before they move to the next adventure, the stargazing area, where they learn about the galaxy and stars.

Stargazing, storytelling under the dark sky, and a warm cup of Saudi coffee while relaxing at the majlis on traditional Saudi seating promises to create long-lasting memories for people looking for calm away from the bustling city of Riyadh.

Minzal is just one of many programs during the Diriyah season this year that feature the warmth of Saudi hospitality and traditions. 


All trails lead to AlUla for top endurance racing this weekend

All trails lead to AlUla for top endurance racing this weekend
Updated 21 January 2025
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All trails lead to AlUla for top endurance racing this weekend

All trails lead to AlUla for top endurance racing this weekend
  • AlUla contest will have 1,450 runners taking part
  • SR130,000 prize pot, SR20,000 for 100km winner

ALULA: The much-anticipated AlUla Trail Race will feature over 1,450 athletes racing on several courses on Jan. 23 and 24.

The contest features six courses for a wide variety of ages including the bucket list 100 km Hegra Hundred Ultra-Marathon, and is almost sold out, according to its website.

This year’s AlUla Trail Race weekend will have a 1.6 km Kids Run and 3 km Sunset Run, while those looking to test their limits will have an opportunity to take on the 10 km AlUla Oasis Run.

This year’s event offers a prize pool of SR136,000, with the winner of the 100 km Hegra Hundred Ultra-Marathon earning SR20,000.

There are also cash prizes for the podium finishers of the 10 km AlUla Oasis Run, 23 km Elephant Rock Run, and 50 km Al-Mejdar Ultra-Marathon.

Located in northwest Saudi Arabia, AlUla’s unique and stunning terrain offers runners the chance to navigate ancient trails once traveled by traders and pilgrims.

The area is surrounded by sprawling desert landscapes, towering rock formations, and verdant green oases.

In addition to the races, the Race Village will have food trucks, specialty coffee, live entertainment, and opportunities to explore AlUla’s remarkable heritage.

Runners will also have access to recovery zones with physiotherapy services for post-race care.