Navigating the ethical landscape of AI on the road

Navigating the ethical landscape of AI on the road

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In the vibrant city of Techville, a new debate has taken center stage: The ethics of artificial intelligence, particularly in the realm of driverless cars.

Picture this: A bustling intersection, a driverless car, and a family of ducks waddling across the road. It’s a dilemma straight out of Punch and Judy.

Punch, the ever-optimistic puppet, argues: “Driverless cars, my dear Judy, are the future! They’ll make our roads safer, reduce traffic jams and maybe even find a parking spot downtown on a Friday night. What’s not to love?”

Ah, but Judy, ever the skeptic, counters: “But Punch, what happens when the car faces the classic ethical dilemma? Does it swerve to avoid hitting a group of pedestrians, potentially endangering its passenger, or does it stay the course and risk harming the pedestrians?”

But behind the whimsy lies a serious conundrum. Should our autonomous vehicles prioritize the safety of their passengers above all else, even if it means squashing innocent ducklings? Or should they take a more democratic approach, where the needs of the many, or in this case the many webbed feet, outweigh the needs of the few?

In Techville, opinions vary.

“I bought my driverless car to protect me,” argues Mr. Pennyworth, an avid collector of vintage gadgets and frequent patron of the city’s hipster coffee shops. “If it’s not going to prioritize my safety, then what’s the point?”

But not everyone is on Team Pennyworth.

“We can’t just trample over the little guys,” protests Ms. Haversham, a self-proclaimed environmentalist and founder of the Techville Birdwatchers Society. “If our driverless cars start mowing down wildlife left and right, we might as well go back to riding bicycles.”

Meanwhile, the city’s residents continue to grapple with more practical concerns.

Next time you find yourself behind the wheel of a self-driving car, just remember to keep your eyes on the road — and your heart in the right place.

Rafael Hernandez de Santiago

“I don’t care if my driverless car runs on organic kale smoothies or solar power,” declares Ms. Rodriguez, a wellness influencer with a penchant for Instagram-worthy yoga poses. “As long as it gets me to my juice cleanse appointments on time, I’m golden.”

As the debate rages on, one thing becomes abundantly clear: The future of transportation in Techville is anything but predictable.

Will our driverless cars become beacons of ethical virtue, cruising the streets with the grace of a ballerina in a tutu? Or will they succumb to the same moral pitfalls as their human counterparts, engaging in petty road rage and aggressive honking?

Enter the philosophical musings of Immanuel Kant, who once said: “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.”

In other words, if you wouldn’t want everyone else doing the same thing in the same situation, maybe it’s not such a great idea. Apply this to driverless cars and suddenly Punch and Judy are in a full-blown moral quandary.

Only time will tell. But one thing is for certain: The ethical implications of artificial intelligence are never far from our minds. So, the next time you find yourself behind the wheel of a self-driving car, just remember to keep your eyes on the road — and your heart in the right place.

But fear not, dear citizens of Techville, for amid the chaos and confusion, there is hope. Engineers and ethicists are working tirelessly to program AI with a moral compass, teaching it to navigate the murky waters of right and wrong.

In conclusion, let us heed the words of that wise old philosopher Plato, who famously said: “We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.”

Let us not be afraid to shine a light on the ethical implications of artificial intelligence, for only then can we truly navigate the path to a brighter future — one where Punch and Judy can finally set aside their differences.

  • Rafael Hernandez de Santiago, viscount of Espes, is a Spanish national residing in Saudi Arabia and working at the Gulf Research Center.
Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not necessarily reflect Arab News' point of view

Saudi Arabia’s natural gas output to grow by 4% in 2025: IEA 

Saudi Arabia’s natural gas output to grow by 4% in 2025: IEA 
Updated 7 min 11 sec ago
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Saudi Arabia’s natural gas output to grow by 4% in 2025: IEA 

Saudi Arabia’s natural gas output to grow by 4% in 2025: IEA 

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s natural gas production is projected to rise by 4 percent in 2025, driven by the planned start-up of key projects, including Jafurah Phase 1 and Tanajib, according to an analysis. 

In its Gas Market Report for the first quarter of 2025, the International Energy Agency highlighted that Jafurah Phase 1 will add 2 billion cubic meters of natural gas annually to the Kingdom’s production capacity, while the Tanajib project is expected to contribute 27 billion cubic meters per year. 

Saudi Aramco estimates the Jafurah unconventional gas field holds 229 trillion cubic feet of raw gas and 75 billion barrels of condensate. In July 2024, the energy giant secured agreements worth $25 billion for the second phase of the Jafurah development and the third stage of expanding its master gas system. 

The IEA report noted that Saudi Arabia’s gas production increased by an estimated 2 percent in 2024, bolstered by the full-year impact of the Hawiyah Gas Plant expansion and the first phase of the South Ghawar unconventional project, which both came online in late 2023. 

Additionally, the Kingdom launched operations at the Hawiyah Gas Storage facility in September 2024, marking a milestone in its Liquid Displacement Program, which aims to replace oil with a 50:50 mix of gas and renewables in the electricity sector. 

Regional outlook 

The IEA’s report highlighted that the Middle East is expected to add more than 20 bcm in natural gas production between 2023 and 2025, representing a 3.3 percent increase. 

Oman, which increased output by over 4 percent in 2024, is projected to see an additional 3 percent growth in 2025, driven by production from Block 10 and upgrades to its domestic gas grid.

However, Qatar’s natural gas production declined by 2 percent in 2024 due to shrinking domestic consumption and the accelerated adoption of solar power.  

“Gas production in 2025 is expected to remain broadly flat as Qatar’s next major expansion project at North Field East is not expected to start up before 2026,” stated the energy agency.  

Iran’s production growth is projected to be modest, with increases of less than 2 percent in 2024 and just over 1 percent in 2025. 

The IEA also noted that the Middle East is increasingly turning to natural gas for power generation. 

“Natural gas is increasingly displacing oil and oil products in various sectors. This trend is supported by policies, evolving regulatory frameworks and market dynamics,” said IEA.  

It added: “In the Middle East, the role of natural gas in the power sector has been increasing in the past decade and oil-to-gas switching continued in 2024, driven by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.”  

Global outlook 

Globally, the IEA forecasts tight natural gas markets through 2025, with demand outpacing supply growth.  

“Gas market fundamentals have improved over the past year, but for now, we are still seeing significant tightness due to rising demand and muted growth in LNG capacity. Heightened geopolitical uncertainty adds to the risks,” said Keisuke Sadamori, the IEA’s director of Energy Markets and Security.  

He added: “While international cooperation on gas supply security has expanded since the recent energy crisis began, greater efforts are needed from responsible producers and consumers, who should strengthen their collective efforts to reinforce the architecture for safe and secure global gas supplies.” 

In December 2024, a separate report by the World Bank stated that global natural gas consumption growth in 2024, 2025, and 2026 is expected to return to its pre-pandemic average from 2015 to 2019. 

“Growth is primarily driven by the Asia-Pacific region, Middle East and Eurasia. Consumption growth is expected to be similar in 2025 and 2026, with Eurasia demand expected to moderate and European and North American demand to stagnate,” said the World Bank.  

It added that the future market dynamics of the gas industry will be influenced by conflict escalation in the Middle East, broader geopolitical developments, and increased competition for LNG shipments.  

The IEA also noted that global gas demand rose by 2.8 percent in 2024, significantly outpacing the average growth rate from 2010 to 2020. However, it predicts that growth will slow to below 2 percent in 2025, with Asia accounting for the majority of the rise. 


Jakarta refutes reports of Trump’s plan to relocate Palestinians in Gaza to Indonesia

Jakarta refutes reports of Trump’s plan to relocate Palestinians in Gaza to Indonesia
Updated 11 min 25 sec ago
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Jakarta refutes reports of Trump’s plan to relocate Palestinians in Gaza to Indonesia

Jakarta refutes reports of Trump’s plan to relocate Palestinians in Gaza to Indonesia
  • NBC news report claims that relocating residents of Gaza is part of rebuilding efforts
  • Any attempts to move Palestinians in Gaza is ‘entirely unacceptable,’ Jakarta says

JAKARTA: Jakarta was never involved in any discussion to relocate Palestinians from Gaza to Indonesia, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said on Tuesday following reports that new US President Donald Trump’s team was considering the controversial move.

Before his inauguration on Monday, Trump and his transitional team had been discussing Israel’s war on Gaza and the recent ceasefire agreement, according to a report by NBC News.

Citing an anonymous source from Trump’s transition team, Indonesia was named as one of the locations considered for Palestinians to relocate to when rebuilding efforts began for the enclave.

However, the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has refuted the report.

“The government of Indonesia has never received any information from anyone, nor any plans regarding the relocation of some of Gaza’s 2 million inhabitants to Indonesia as part of post-conflict reconstruction efforts,” Indonesian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Roy Soemirat said.

“Indonesia’s stance remains unequivocal: Any attempts to displace or remove Gaza’s residents is entirely unacceptable. Such efforts to depopulate Gaza would only serve to perpetuate the illegal Israeli occupation of Palestinian territory and align with broader strategies aimed at expelling Palestinians from Gaza.”

Indonesia is among the staunchest supporters of Palestine, with its government repeatedly calling for an end to Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories and for a two-state solution based on pre-1967 borders.

Since the beginning of Israel’s deadly invasion of Gaza in October 2023, Jakarta has also been vocal on the international stage, demanding an end to military support and weapons sales to Tel Aviv.

As the first phase of a long-awaited ceasefire began on Sunday, Indonesia’s Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Arrmanatha Nasir said the UN Security Council “must safeguard the agreement” to ensure that every part of the three-phase agreement is upheld.

“The ceasefire is a vital first step towards attaining peace in the Middle East,” Nasir said during a UN Security Council open debate in New York on Monday.

After the ceasefire agreement in Gaza, Nasir said the international community must address the immediate humanitarian needs and work toward a “just and comprehensive political plan” with a two-state solution at its core.

“Any other alternative will only lead to apartheid and subjugation. That is why the international community must unite to foster genuine dialogue and negotiation that addresses the root cause of colonialism and historical injustices in Palestine including the right of return of the Palestinian refugees.”

After 15 months, the war on Gaza has killed more than 47,000 Palestinians and led the International Court of Justice to consider genocide claims against Israel.

However, a study published this month by medical journal The Lancet shows that the real death toll in Gaza during the first nine months — when the number stood at around 37,000 – of Israel’s deadly invasion was about 40 percent higher than recorded by the enclave’s Health Ministry.


UN says no aid convoy looting in Gaza since ceasefire

UN says no aid convoy looting in Gaza since ceasefire
Updated 23 min 16 sec ago
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UN says no aid convoy looting in Gaza since ceasefire

UN says no aid convoy looting in Gaza since ceasefire
  • Throughout the conflict in Gaza, the UN has denounced obstacles restricting the flow and distribution of aid into the battered Palestinian territory

GENEVA: The United Nations on Tuesday said that there had been no reports of aid convoys being looted in war-ravaged Gaza since a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas came into effect.
“These two first days of entry: there have been no records of looting or attacks against aid workers,” Jens Laerke, spokesman for the UN humanitarian agency OCHA, told reporters in Geneva.
During the 15-month war, “there has been a sad, tragic history of looting happening,” he said.
“The past two days, we have not seen any looting. We have not seen any organized armed gangs or groups, whatever you want to call them, attacking the aid that is coming in.”
Throughout the conflict in Gaza, the UN has denounced obstacles restricting the flow and distribution of aid into the battered Palestinian territory.
Desperately-needed humanitarian aid has begun to flow into Gaza after Israel and Hamas on Sunday conducted the first exchange of hostages for prisoners agreed under the terms of the ceasefire.
More than 900 trucks carrying humanitarian aid entered Gaza on Monday, the United Nations said.
The day the deal came into force, 630 trucks entered Gaza.
Laerke said that aid organizations were eager to “maximize delivery through this opening. Hunger is widespread. People are homeless.”
The war has devastated much of the Gaza Strip and displaced the vast majority of its population of 2.4 million, many of them multiple times.
Laerke said that it was important to see the issue of looting “in the wider picture as to why were these gangs there in the first place.”
With only a trickle of aid coming into the territory before the ceasefire deal, he pointed out that “whatever came into Gaza... had extremely high value.”
“So there were incentives to do that (looting). Now, of course, the more aid that comes in... those incentives will probably not be there as much.”


‘No winners in a trade war’: Chinese vice premier tells Davos

‘No winners in a trade war’: Chinese vice premier tells Davos
Updated 9 min 27 sec ago
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‘No winners in a trade war’: Chinese vice premier tells Davos

‘No winners in a trade war’: Chinese vice premier tells Davos
  • Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang told the World Economic Forum that a “tug of war” was underway between supporters and opponents of economic globalization
  • The EU imposed hefty tariffs on electric cars made in China last year

DAVOS: A top Chinese official warned Tuesday that no country would emerge victorious from a trade war, in a speech to the Davos forum as Donald Trump returned to the White House.
Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang told the World Economic Forum that a “tug of war” was underway between supporters and opponents of economic globalization.
“Transformation not seen in a century is accelerating across the board with imminent tariff wars and trade wars,” Ding said.
“The global governance system is undergoing profound adjustments. Human society has once again come to a critical crossroads,” he added.
Trump, who began his second term on Monday, vowed during his election campaign to impose higher tariffs on China after launching a trade war with the country during his first stint at the White House.
“Protectionism leads nowhere, and there are no winners in a trade war,” Ding said, without mentioning Trump or the United States by name.
Trump warned Monday that he could impose tariffs if Beijing rejected his proposal to keep Chinese-owned app TikTok online in the United States by having half of it sold off.
China has also been locked in trade disputes with the European Union.
The EU imposed hefty tariffs on electric cars made in China last year. In turn, Beijing targeted European brandies and opened probes into EU subsidies of some dairy and pork products.
Without mentioning the EU or any country by name, Ding warned against “erecting green barriers that could disrupt normal economic and trade cooperation.”
He called for a “consistent approach” in addressing climate change and trade policies “so as to prevent economic and trade frictions from impeding the process of green transition.”


Saudi reserves at central bank grow to $450bn

Saudi reserves at central bank grow to $450bn
Updated 34 min 39 sec ago
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Saudi reserves at central bank grow to $450bn

Saudi reserves at central bank grow to $450bn

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s reserves at the Kingdom’s central bank saw a 2.8 percent year-on-year rise to SR1.69 trillion ($450.31 billion) in November.

These assets include monetary gold, foreign accounts, and special drawing rights — the International Monetary Fund’s reserve position.

The latter category comprises currency and deposits abroad as well as investments in foreign securities and accounted for 94.6 percent of the total, reaching SR1.6 trillion — an annual rise of 3.12 percent.

Special drawing rights declined to SR77.5 billion, a slight decrease of 0.8 percent, accounting for 4.6 percent of Saudi Arabia’s total reserves.

Created by the IMF to supplement member countries’ official reserves, SDRs derive their value from a basket of major currencies, including the US dollar, euro, Chinese yuan, Japanese yen, and British pound sterling. 

SDRs can be exchanged among governments for freely usable currencies when needed. 

In addition to providing supplementary liquidity, SDRs help stabilize exchange rates, act as a unit of account, and facilitate international trade and financial stability.

The IMF reserve position totaled around SR12.25 billion but recorded an 11.3 percent decline during this period. This category represents the amount a country can draw from the IMF without conditions.

Gold reserves remained steady at SR1.62 billion, a level unchanged since February 2008.

In November, Saudi oil giant Aramco paid $31.1 billion in dividends for the quarter, significantly boosting the country’s reserves.

The Kingdom’s government, which directly holds nearly 81.5 percent of Aramco, receives the majority of these dividends, effectively funneling substantial financial inflows into state coffers.

Investing in foreign assets is a key strategy for SAMA to bolster the nation’s monetary stability and enhance its economic resilience.

Through a diversified portfolio of foreign securities and currency deposits abroad, SAMA ensures liquidity to meet external payment obligations, supports the Saudi riyal’s exchange rate stability, and creates a buffer against global economic fluctuations.

Historically, foreign currency and deposits abroad formed the bulk of Saudi Arabia’s foreign reserves, primarily driven by oil exports. However, since 2004, a shift has been noted in the composition of these reserves.

Data from SAMA shows that investment in foreign securities began to exceed international currency and deposits, rising from a 50.5 percent share in 2004 to 81 percent by June 2007, and standing at 59.75 percent in November.

This shift reflects the Kingdom’s growing focus on diversifying its reserve assets and optimizing foreign reserve management.

To further support oil prices and secure stable oil revenues, Saudi Arabia has played a crucial role in the OPEC+ alliance. Since 2017, the Kingdom has actively participated in oil output cuts to balance global supply and demand.

This strategy, which has kept Saudi Arabia’s production around 9 million barrels per day in recent years, is aimed at supporting oil prices, stabilizing the Kingdom’s oil revenue, and strengthening the global oil market.

Saudi Arabia has been gradually shifting its investment strategy, moving away from holding the majority of its foreign assets within the central bank.

Instead, the focus has been on building substantial sovereign wealth bodies, such as the Public Investment Fund and the National Development Fund, which together manage hundreds of billions of dollars.

This shift aligns with the Kingdom’s broader objective to diversify its reserves and strategically invest in both domestic and international assets.

A key component of this transformation is the Fiscal Sustainability Program, which aims to decouple public spending from fluctuating oil revenues, avoiding the pro-cyclical spending patterns seen in past oil booms.

By expanding PIF and enhancing its capacity to invest in non-oil sectors, Saudi Arabia is actively working to reduce its dependence on oil and ensure a more stable and resilient economic future.