World must rally round to help Syria rebuild

After nearly 14 years of relentless conflict, Syria is witnessing a significant and hopeful development: a substantial number of refugees and internally displaced persons are making the courageous decision to return to their homes. This marks a pivotal moment in Syria’s journey toward recovery and underscores the critical role of the international community in facilitating a safe and sustainable reintegration process.

In recent months, about 200,000 refugees have made the decision to return to Syria after the return of about 300,000 from Lebanon during the Israel-Hezbollah conflict. Nearly 600,000 internally displaced Syrians have also resettled in their former communities since the collapse of the Bashar Assad regime. While this suggests renewed hope that they can rebuild their lives, the obstacles are immense and the reality is far more challenging.

The Syrian Arab Republic’s infrastructure is in ruins, basic necessities such as healthcare and housing are scarce, and poverty is widespread. UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi has called for serious efforts to restore services, provide economic stability, and rebuild homes. He says that without these essential improvements, the cycle of displacement will persist, making long-term recovery even more difficult for both individuals and the nation as a whole. Establishing a safe, liveable environment is crucial not only for ethical reasons but also for practical ones. Without access to vital services and economic opportunities, returning refugees may be forced to leave once more, creating a cycle of displacement that hampers both individual recovery and national rebuilding efforts.

One of the most significant obstacles to Syria’s reconstruction is the array of Western sanctions that remain despite the political changes in the country. They have had a debilitating effect on Syria’s economy, severing it from the global financial system and complicating efforts to rebuild. Sanctions have made it difficult for Syrians to conduct financial transactions, receive remittances — a major source of income for many households — and import essential goods, including medical supplies and food. The result is shortages and price increases that exacerbate already existing hardships.

The international community, including the Gulf states and particularly Saudi Arabia, has urged the EU to lift these sanctions to facilitate reconstruction and stability. This would also encourage more refugees to return by improving economic conditions and access to essential services.

Providing funding for rebuilding infrastructure, including homes, schools, hospitals, and utilities, is essential. Restoring essential services and creating jobs will foster economic stability. Without proper investment in rebuilding Syria’s devastated cities, returning refugees will struggle to reintegrate, and the risks of renewed displacement will persist. A concerted effort by international organizations, donors, and regional partners will also be necessary to finance large-scale reconstruction projects that will form the backbone of Syria’s recovery.

Offering expertise in areas such as governance, healthcare, and education can strengthen Syria's institutions and improve service delivery to its citizens. International actors can play a key role in supporting local governance structures, ensuring that public services are functional, and equipping communities with the necessary tools to rebuild their lives. Training programs for civil servants, healthcare professionals, and educators can create a long-term foundation for stability and development in Syria.

Ensuring that the return of refugees and the internally displaced is conducted safely and voluntarily, with respect for their rights and dignity, is crucial. This includes providing accurate information about conditions in return areas and supporting reintegration efforts. A robust monitoring mechanism, possibly under the oversight of international organizations, could help guarantee that returns occur under fair conditions and with adequate support for reintegration.

In addition, encouraging investment and trade can revitalize Syria's economy, creating opportunities and reducing dependence on aid. By reopening trade channels and fostering business-friendly policies, Syria can move toward economic self-sufficiency. International partnerships with Syrian businesses, as well as regional economic integration efforts, could serve as catalysts for sustainable economic development. Additionally, fostering local entrepreneurship and small businesses can provide much-needed employment opportunities.

Initiatives that promote reconciliation and social cohesion can heal the divisions caused by years of conflict, fostering a sense of unity and shared purpose among Syrians. Societal fractures remain deep. Programs aimed at fostering dialogue, restoring trust between communities, and addressing grievances can prevent future conflicts and contribute to a lasting peace. Supporting grassroots peace-building efforts and community-led initiatives will be crucial to ensuring a cohesive and inclusive rebuilding process.

Assisting in Syria's recovery is beneficial not only for Syrians but also for the international community. Stability in Syria can contribute to regional security, reduce the burden on neighboring countries hosting refugees, and mitigate the factors that drive irregular migration. Moreover, a prosperous and stable Syria can become a valuable partner in the region, contributing to economic growth and cooperation. The international community stands to gain from a Syria that is once again a thriving member of the global family.

• Dr. Majid Rafizadeh is a Harvard-educated Iranian American political scientist. X: @Dr_Rafizadeh